It is an attempt to account for and probe into the errors committed by learners of second language slforeign language fl and their reasons. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Second language acquisition presentation script slide 1. An introductory course presents the most balanced, grounded, and accessible introduction to a broad field and a new, updated, and expanded edition is most welcome. Interlanguage pragmatics is the study of the ways nonnative speakers acquire, comprehend, and use linguistic patterns or speech acts in a second language. Definition inter language is the type of language produced by second and foreign language learners who are in the process of learning a language. Second language acquisition identify key second language acquisition theories.
To separate the academic discipline from the learning process itself, the terms second language acquisition research, second language studies, and second language acquisition studies are also used. In the third edition, gass and selinker s overview of the field of sla continues to be encyclopedic. The role of the first language in second language acquisition 64 6. Second language acquisition naturalistic, instructed, or both has long been a common activity for a majority of the human species and is becoming ever more vital as second languages themselves. A brief introduction to some of the main themes in second. Stephen krashens widely known and wellaccepted theory of second language acquisition, has had a large impact in all areas of second language research and teaching since the 1980s. Formal and informal linguistic environments in language acquisition and language learning 40 4.
The importance of the pragmatic and sociolinguistic context. Input not only plays a role in models of second language acquisition, such as gasss 1988 gasss, 20 and leows 2015leows, 2019 as discussed in section 2. Monitor theory hypothesizes that adults have two independent systems for developing ability in second languages, subconscious language acquisition and conscious language learning, and that these systems are interrelated in a definite way. As teachers of second language learners, we must have a basic working knowledge base regarding the process that language learners go through to learn a second language. This article details the explanatory value and inadequacies of three main categories of models proposed to explain fossilization in second language acquisition. In the course of learning a second language, learners will frequently encounter communication problems caused by a lack of linguistic resources. In the name of allah key terms in second language acquisition masoud dolatshahi m.
Selinkers most wellknown contribution to the field of secondlanguage acquisition is the concept of interlanguage. Larry selinker is professor emeritus of linguistics at the university of michigan, and former director of the universitys english language institute. She has conducted research in a wide variety of subareas of second language acquisition, including language transfer, language universals, second language research methods, and input and interaction. English language teaching june, 2008 129 second language acquisition. Thus began an explosion of research into understanding how language and the internal grammar in second language learners evolved. Ppt language acquisition second language acquisition. An intergroup approach to second language acquisition. This workbook is designed to give applied linguistics students practice in analyzing foreign language data, since the authors make the case that experience with second and foreign language material is prerequisite to tackling the processes involved in second language learning. Interlanguage il refers to the linguistic system of learner language produced by adults when they attempt meaningful communication using a language they are in the process of learning. List of language acquisition researchers wikipedia. Towards an integrated view of language acquisition.
One important issue in sla acquisition research is to establish how l2 learners acquire certain linguistic features. More specifically, it is the name of the theory of the process by which we acquire or pick up a second language. The representation and execution of articulatory timing in first and second language acquisition. Jan 31, 2008 the new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition.
Second language acquisition, or sla, has two meanings. Describe the factors that influence second language acquisition recognize practical applications for basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency theories. Communication strategies in secondlanguage acquisition. Gass and selinker take a multidisciplinary approach to adult second language acquisition sla, in which insights and research material from several perspectives, primarily linguistics. The interlanguage theory, that assumes that an active and independent learning mind selinker believes that the evidence for interlanguage can be found. Key terms in second language acquisition slideshare. Abstract perhaps one of the most controversial issues in the field of second language acquisition is. Interlanguage il is a theory that is located within the frame of second language acquisition sla or foreign language acquisition fla of course without denying its contribution in learning an l2. Selinker 1972 believed that some language rules in the learners il are transferred from hisher l1. Above and beyond the genuine interest which any human activity as common as learning and using a second language excites, there are two reasons why the study of second language acquisition is an.
Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research field of second language acquisition, having introduced the concepts interlanguage and fossilization and having conducted one of the first empirical studies in language transfer research in 1969. This is mainly a subconscious process which happens while we focus on communication. Theobjective of second language acquisition studies is to uncoverthese principles. Aptitude from an informationprocessing perspective. Selinker s five fossilization process steps overgeneralization.
Language scholars have demonstrated that certain aspects of second language learning cannot be altered through instruction and that intermediate, nonnativelike second language competencies, known as stages of interlanguage, characterize the progression of second language acquisition. The difference is mostly one of variability, as a learner. Larry selinker proposed the theory of interlanguage in 1972, noting that in a given situation the utterances produced by the learner are different from those native speakers would. The book is meant to be useful for elt students of different. The topic for this training session is second language acquisition. Attitude and aptitude in second language acquisition and learning 19 3. Robert phillipson, eric kellerman, larry selinker, michael sharwood smith, merrill swain. Gass and larry selinker, is a readerfriendly textbook with the goal of giving an overview of its small but dynamic field. Draws on wideranging research into contrastive analysis, bilingualism, theoretical linguistics and. In a general sense it is a term to describe learning a second language.
Thus, the grammatical errors made by second language learners are a completely normal and natural aspect of the language acquisition process. The term interlanguage was coined in the 1970s by larry selinker to describe his notion that an additional language learners knowledge of the l2 was a dynamic linguistic system which could be studied in its own right. Second language acquisition and second language learning. Therein, the fourth approach, namely, developing the system of the external and internal perspectives, is considered to be applicable to the present research on synergy between language acquisition and the language learning.
Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition xueping wei. This book is a thorough revision of the highly successful text first published in 1994. As developed today, second language acquisition theory can be viewed as a part of theoretical linguistics, i. Some evidence for the nonviolation of the case filter in child second language acquisition. On teaching strategies in second language acquisition.
Sla research began as an interdisciplinary field, and because of this it is difficult to identify a precise starting date. Second language learning in the zone of proximal development. Contributions cover topics such as naturalistic and instructed. He first introduced interlanguage in his 1972 paper of the same name, which built on pit corders 1967 article the significance of learners errors. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed june 2012 learn how and when to remove this template message learn how and when to remove this template message. Interlanguage is based on the theory that there is a psychological structure latent in the brain which is activated when one attempts to learn a second language. Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research. Susan gass, carolyn madden, dennis preston and larry selinker editors.
Prices do not include postage and handling if applicable. Psycholinguistic techniques and resources in second language acquisition research. Interlanguage was the first significant theory which tried to explain l2 acquisition. Larry selinker interlanguage 1972 pdf an interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker.
Interlanguage is the type of language or linguistic system used by second and foreign language learners who are in the process of learning a target language. Interlanguage is based on the theory that there is a dormant psychological framework in the human brain that is activated when one attempts to learn a second language. This work is a revised edition of the text first publis. Selinker noted that in a given situation, the utterances produced by a learner are different from those.
In an easytoread, accessible style, it provides students with information about the scope of the field, but also provides background information on related areas such as first language acquisition. Dec 08, 2015 key terms in second language acquisition 1. Larry selinker an account of the development of research and thinking in the field of learner language. Second language acquisition sla teachingenglish british.
The new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition. The study of native language influence in second language acquisition has. Second language acquisition and second language learning cover. The detail with which interlanguage data is discussed makes this text appropriate for graduate level instruction but its readability also makes this a viable choice for advanced undergraduates. Its focus of interest lies in areas of research which concern first and second language acquisition including sign language and gestural systems. A commemorative volume for clause faerch multilingual matters multilingual matters, ltd. The relationship between interlanguage, learning and cross. On predicting phonological difficulty in second language acquisition.
Second language acquisition in applied linguistics. Insights on second language aquisition teaching in a. Second language acquisition praise for the third edition. An introductory course slaic is a welcome addition to the growing number of introductory texts on second language acquisition. Approaching the language of the second language learner.
Selinkers paper only mentioned corders in passing, but it nevertheless advanced his basic argument. As most foreign or second language teachers eslefl hereinafter will attest, and as classroom research indicates, the innluence of the irst language l1 hereinafter is either noticeably or subtly evident in the second language l2 hereinafter classroom sheen, 1996. The term used most frequently today to describe this transitional language, interlanguage, was created by selinker in 1972. Selinker 1974 viewed interlanguage as an intermediate.
Group members iqra khan zaibunnisa muhammad umar anum fatima 3. Identify the stages of second language acquisition. An analysis of written errors of turkish adult learners of english. Repetitions as vocalized fillers and selfrepairs in english and french. The construct of interlanguage was proposed by larry selinker in 1972 and stimulated the first research studies in the new field of second language acquisition sla. As such it deals with the ways in which second languages are learned. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Classroom oriented research in second language acquisition. Markedness and salience in language contact and second language acquisition. Directions of influence in first and second language acquisition. Selinker believes that the evidence for interlanguage can be found.
Gass and larry selinker language acquisition and language disorders 5 1992 pp. Communication strategies are strategies that learners use to overcome these problems in order to convey their intended meaning. Interlanguage viewed language development as a combination of several factors including nature of input, environment, internal processing of the learner, and influence between l1 and l2. In 1972, selinker introduced the concept of interlanguage, which built upon pit corders previous work on the nature of language learners errors.
View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. To study the psychological processes involved one can compare the interlanguage utterances of the learner with two things. Applied linguists sometimes refer to learner language as interlanguage, a term used by larry selinker to situate linguistic development on a continuum. When learning a second language means losing the first. The authors retain the multidisciplinary approach that presents research from linguistics, sociology, psychology, and education, in a format designed for use in an introductory course for undergraduate or graduate students.
Based on this understanding, widely discussed second language theo. The negative transfer of l1 is what the behaviorists believe to be proactive inhibition. Corders and selinker s work became the foundation of modern research into second language. The effects of achievement level and response mode in programmed instruction on foreign language learning. Understanding second language acquisition lourdes ortega understanding language series series editors. Theory of second language acquisition the first area we will discuss will be the central focus of this volume, second language acquisition theory. There is evidence to support the claim that second language acquisition sla is a complex adaptive system due to its inherent ability to adapt to different conditions pre sent in both internal and external environments. She is the authoreditor of numerous books, has served as the president of the american association for. Larry selinker interlanguage pdf interlanguage theory is generally credited to larry selinker, an american professor of applied linguistics, whose article interlanguage.
Interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker, who coined the terms interlanguage and fossilization. An introductory course 4th edition is an introduction to a variety of topics, theories, studies, and models in sla. Variability in learner language distinguishes between free variation, which has not been shown to be systematically related to accompanying linguistic or social features, and systematic variation, which has. We take a multidisciplinary approach in that what we have selected to present in this book represents research emanating from other wellestablished disciplines. The variable development of english wordfinal stops by brazilian portuguese speakers. He is now preparing a 40plus year fossilization study. Language acquisition language is extremely complex, yet children already know most of the grammar of their native languages before they are five years old children acquire language without being taught the rules of grammar by their parents in part because parents dont consciously know the many of the rules of grammar. The utterances which will be produced will not be identical to those.
From research to practice donna moss, national center for esl literacy education lauren rossfeldman, georgetown university second language acquisition sla is the study of how second languages are learned and the factors that influence the process. From research to practice 4 what is the role of vocabulary in sla. Second language acquisition, applied linguistics about larry selinker helped found the field of second language acquisition, suggesting early on selinker, 1972, the robust concepts of interlanguage and fossilization, and conducting one of the first empirical studies in language. Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition. An interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker, who coined the terms interlanguage and fossilization. The errors in the use of l2 result mainly from l1, and the difference between l1 and the l2 is the reason for the occurrence of errors. Own language use in language teaching and learning.
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