Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests pdf

Induced resistance of plants against pests and diseases via plant defense responses is well documented and can occur aboveground, in the leaves, and belowground in the roots. Many bsr genes have been cloned in plants and have been. Pest and disease resistance has been an essential part of crop breeding for many years, but has only had marginal impact in tree breeding to date. Outbreaks and upsurges can cause huge losses to crops and pastures, threatening the livelihoods of vulnerable farmers and the food and nutrition security of millions at a time. As there is no practical limit to the number of deleterious mutants possible, permanent.

It discusses the economic impact of pests and diseases. Odor emission and nectar secretion are multigene traits in wild plants, and thus form dif. The breeding for insect resistance is most important because many crops in india and other countries are affected by various kinds of insect families. Selection and breeding for insect and disease resistance. In crop plants, various disorders caused by pathogens are called disease. Resistance of the host plant is the ability to prevent the pathogen from causing disease and is determined by the genetic constitution of host plant. Even if additional breeding is required, the key combined resistances will remain intact as a single locus.

For the past century, modern plant breeding has been extremely successful, but it has. Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of disease resistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. The potential impact of these advances in molecular technology on plant breeding and disease resistance is also covered. Strategies for enhanced crop resistance to insect pests. Potential of breeding legumes for resistance to storage insect pests. Insect pests are responsible for substantial crop losses worldwide through direct damage and transmission of plant diseases, and novel approaches that complement or replace broadspectrum chemical insecticides will facilitate the sustainable intensification of food production in the coming decades.

In future breeding research in this crop, areas needing to be emphasized include. Host resistance hosts may be less susceptible to attack due to antibiosis and antixenosis or may yield well despite attack due to tolerance. Mutagenesis in plant breeding for disease and pest resistance. Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of diseaseresistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. Resistance breeding crops to reduce pesticide dependence raoul a. The article concludes with an outlook that addresses the principal opportunities and barriers for enhanced crop resistance to insect pests. Resistance breeding holds immense potential in controlling this. Achievements and challenges in legume breeding for pest. Parasitic weeds, viruses, bacteria, nematodes and damages caused by chewing and sapsucking insects add to this long list of. Breeding for resistance to disease and insect pestsbiotic.

However, effective and durable resistance genes to control many viral and bacterial diseases have not been identified in plants, and there a need for new sources of resistance in many crops. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests research. Breeding trees resistant to insects and diseases usda forest. Partial resistance is an incomplete host resistance which retards epidemic development despite a compatible infection type niks et al. The possibilities of controlling diseases, insect pests, weeds and graineating birds by breeding cultivars with durable resistance are. This resistance breaks down with the arrival of new races which are shown to result from deleterious or adaptive mutations and not from beneficial ones. Sustainable solutions for diseases and pests in crops wur. Yield stability of legume crops is constrained by a number of pest and diseases.

It denotes less disease development in a genotype than that in the susceptible variety and is a relative attribute. Avoidance also described as escape, avoidance is a mechanism. Pdf advances in breeding for resistance to insects. The cultivation of resistant varieties has been recognized as the most effective, ideal and economical method of reducing crop losses stakman and harrar 1957. Multiple strategies for improved crop resistance to insect pests, especially strategies relating. Resistant varieties are developed through the use of resistant donor parents available in the gene pool.

Since plants are frequently exposed to aboveground and. Niks and others published breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Crops are required to be disease, resistant, as a wide range of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens that affect the yield of cultivated crop species, especially in tropical climates. Severe diseases, pests, and environmental stresses are the major limiting factor in commercial production and garden use of floricultural plants in the subtropical united states. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests request pdf. This project is to identify sources of resistance to major diseases and pests and tolerance to temperature and light stresses, and to incoporate the resistance and tolerance into new cultivars that can perform better. This breeding for resistance is a lengthy and costly process and therefore, to be cost effective, it should provide durable resistance against disease insect pests. Title, breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests. Breeding plant broadspectrum resistance without yield. In section 1, methods of control are compared and contrasted, and the general principles and methods of breeding for resistance are. Breeding food legumes for resistance to storage insect pests.

Breeding for resistance to diseases and pests springerlink. Broadspectrum resistance bsr is a desirable trait because it confers resistance against more than one pathogen species or against the majority of races or strains of the same pathogen. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests wur. We propose that breeding crops for an enhanced capacity for tritrophic interactions and. Generally, the rate of reproduction is considerably reduced which limits the spread of disease. Moreover, conventional tree selection and breeding for insect and disease resistance requires complex and lengthy laboratory and field tests, especially since resistance patterns may change from young to adult trees. Host resistance is important in reducing cost of pest control, may help protect environment by reducing pesticide use, and may help alleviate the onset of pesticide resistance. We discuss primarily resistance to fungal diseases. Genetic resistance is the cheapest and the best method of minimizing such losses. This publication, which consists of 7 chapters, is the most uptodate text book on breeding crops for resistance to diseases and pests targeted towards students in plant science.

The scientific background is explained as far as it is relevant for breeders to make sensible choices in designing and running their breeding work. Breeding methods depend upon the mode of reproduction of a crop plant and also on a differential reaction to races and biotypes of the hostplant genotypes. Marked progress has been made in the control of diseases of such crops as asparagus, cab bage, beans, tomatoes, potatoes, peas, lettuce, celery, and spinach through the breeding and selection of diseaseresistant strains and varieties. In many cases, genetic resistance offers the key to restoration of forests and. Major diseases are rusts, powdery and downy mildews, ascochyta blights, botrytis gray molds, anthracnoses, dampingoff, root rots, collar rots, vascular wilts and white molds. Mechanisms of defense in plants against pathogens and pests. Feb 24, 2011 breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests is the most up to date text book on this topic targeted towards students in plant sciences. Partial resistance of barley to puccinia hordei consists of the components lower infection frequency.

Fungicides are a central part of disease control in the eu and, as such, a comprehensive account of their use forms an important part of the text, along with. Monitoring monitor crops for both pests and natural control mechanisms involves scouting for pests insects, diseases and weeds to determine if, when and how intervention should occur. To initiate genetic breeding programs aiming at pest insect and arachnid resistance, it is necessary to work with the crop of economic interest and its main pests, in order to select resistance sources, determine the mechanismstypes of resistance involved and structure the program breeding. Robinso agaccess davis, california in association with international development research centre ottawa. Breeding legume crops for resistance to storage insect pests is likely to be successful as a number of studies demonstrated the existence of genetic variation in landraces, cultivated varieties and their wild relatives 10,1517,24,30. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests book. Floricultural crop breeding and genetics for plant. Control of these diseases through the agronomical measures and chemical control leads to several disadvantages like higher cost of production, environmental pollution, development of vector resistance to the fungicides and some times chemicals has carcinogenic effect to the human being. Multiple strategies for improved crop resistance to insect pests, especially strategies. Breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests. Dec 22, 2015 combining vertical and horizontal resistance it is tempting to think that combining vertical resistance and horizontal resistance will provide the best of two worlds in the protection of plants. May 28, 2019 crop breeding can produce resistance to individual diseases, but it is challenging to select for genetic resistance against multiple diseases simultaneously while maintaining the strong performance traits of elite varieties.

The book describesthe most basic elements in plant pathogen interactions and defence strategies in plants. Breeding for disease resistance in multiple crops integration of disciplines. Resistance to pests and diseases is the basis for the sustainable and healthy production of agricultural and horticultural crops. A central goal of crop improvement is to breed varieties with broadspectrum resistance bsr to pathogens, but most of the major resistance r genes identified to date confer racespecific resistance to their adapted pathogens. Screening techniques in disease and pest resistance breeding.

A number of recent studies have shown that soilborne pests can also induce plant resistance aboveground and vice versa. Breeding systems for resistance breeding for resistance in specific crops. Breeding for resistance to insect pests in maize request pdf. Niks re, parlevliet je, lindhout p et al 2011 breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests. This publication, which consists of 7 chapters, is the most up to date text book on breeding crops for resistance to diseases and pests targeted towards students in plant science. Furthermore, domestication has changed the capacity of crops to express these traits.

Principally, hostplant genotypes are tested in a number of environments across the zones before the selection is made. Most current gm crops have been engineered for resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides weed control products or both. Crop plants are attacked by various diseases and insects, resulting in considerable yield losses. Breeding for disease and insect resistance crops plant. Critically, it is possible to introduce several dominant resistance traits into elite cultivars, polyploid crops, sterile plants and parental lines to be used in subsequent breeding efforts. Exploiting broadspectrum disease resistance in crops. Although these r genes are effective for a specific pathogen, their durability in the field is typically short due to mutations in the pathogen population that. For example the cotton crop is attacked by more than 160 species of insects of these a dozen are major pests.

Byrne, colorado state university, professor, soil and crop sciences. The identification and deployment of the genes that drive this process is our ambition in the wheat, banana and potato programs. Everything you need to need about breeding for disease and insect resistance. The scientific background is explained as far as it is relevant for breeders to make. Breeding for inducible resistance against pests and diseases. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Breeding for disease resistance began when plants were first domesticated. Tomato breeding for insectpest resistance intechopen. This book describes the most basic elements in plantpathogen interactions and defence strategies in plants. Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways. Using radiation breeding, traits for yield, quality, taste and disease and pest resistance have been improved in cereals, legumes, cotton, peppermint, sunflowers, peanut. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Resistance to leaffeeding and stemtunnelling is governed predominantly by additive genes.

Role of wild germplasm in disease and pest resistance breeding. Development of resistant varieties has been receiving more attention recently than in earlier times. One problem is that pests and diseases are destroying about one fifth of all crop production. Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant and hence a reduction of disease, while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage.

Types of genetic host resistance and their breeding approaches. Over the past 20 years, tree breeding programmes have been reduced worldwide and now focus on a limited number of species and traits. It outlines the major crop diseases of the uk with a particular emphasis on those features of symptomology. The integrity of our natural, urban and plantation forest ecosystems, and the services they provide are seriously imperiled. Gm crops, touted for pest resistance, rapidly breed resistant. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests is the most up to date text book on this topic targeted towards students in plant sciences. The book is divided into six sections, comprising 14 chapters. Breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests principles of. Plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests. Control of crop diseases thoroughly revised and updated to reflect current and emerging practices, this book explores modern methods of disease control in field and glasshouse crops.

Traditionally, researcher has put more focus on disease resistance than on insect resistance, but the adverse effects of excessive use of pesticides on human health, environment, phytosanitation, market access, and global trade have led to renewed. Breeding for disease and pest resistance in pearl millet. Click download or read online button to get breeding pest resistant trees book now. Optimizing crops for biocontrol of pests and disease. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests 2011 pp. Less well studied though, is the idea of breeding for indirect resistance by recruiting beneficial microbes or repelling pests via root exudates. Niks and others published breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests find, read and cite all the research you. Objectives necessities for insect resistance breeding.

Plant breeders have been unsuccessful in the past wherever they have used a hypersensitive type of reaction to disease as the basis for resistance. This book is accordingly critical only of plant breeding for resistance to pests and diseases. Resistance to diseases and insects in transgenic plants. Various disease causing organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and mycoplasma refer to pathogen. Plant breeding for pest and disease resistance 1st edition. Plant breeding for pest and disease resistance sciencedirect. Breeding strategies for improving plant resistance to diseases. Plant resistance is the best means to control diseases and pests of banana, especially for smallholder farmers. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests is the most uptodate text book on this topic targeted towards students in plant sciences. Breeding programs that harness the natural genetic resistance within tree species can provide a durable solution to these threats. Breeding for disease and pest resistance in pearl millet r. Breeding objectives disease and pest resistance which pests and diseases affect crops. Plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests scholarswing.

Gm crops, touted for pest resistance, rapidly breed resistant pests genetically modified crops are controversial because of everything from environmental to humanhealth effects. Conventional plant breeding for higher yields and pest. Plants with transgenicgm disease resistance against insect pests have been extremely. Uptodate textbook targeted towards students in plant sciences. Main advantages of genetic resistance are given below.

Transboundary plant pests and diseases can easily spread to several countries and reach epidemic proportions. Breeding legume crops to improve their resistance against storage insect pests, although having technical limitations, is the best way of overcoming these disadvantages in an environmentfriendly manner. Disease resistance is often defined as reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant. Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms ecological and genetic resistance host plant resistance hpr definition those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover from attacks of insects under conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same. Genetic modification to improve disease resistance in crops. Chapter 14 plant breeding breeding for resistance to. Mechanisms of defense in plants against pests mechanisms of defense in plants against pests plants exhibit a wide variety of strategies and mechanisms of defense against pathogens and insects pest that may be classified into three major groups avoidance, resistance, and tolerance. Plant breeding pdf download important agri learner. Vegetable crops are attacked by large number of diseases. Pest and disease control due to its clonal nature, banana is amongst the most disease and pest vulnerable of all agricultural crops. Resistance genes in global crop breeding networks biorxiv. This book describes the most basic elements in plant pathogen interactions and defence strategies in plants. Start studying chapter 14 plant breeding breeding for resistance to diseases and insect pests. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests library wur.

The erosion of horizontal resistance while breeding for race specific vertical resistance is called the vertifolia effect after the potato cultivar. Self fertilization and population variability in the higher plants. Valuable uc research is in progress focusing on breeding for direct resistance to soilborne pests using advances such as molecular markerassisted identification of resistance genes. Up to date textbook targeted towards students in plant sciences.

Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests. Methods of breeding for disease and insectpest resistance. Breeding crops with resistance to diseases and pests is the most uptodate textbook on this topic targeted towards students in plant sciences. Breeding for resistance to diseases and insects springerlink. Return to resistance breeding crops to reduce pesticide.

Breeding pest resistant trees download ebook pdf, epub. Beachy despite the use of sophisticated and intensive crop protection measures, pathogens and pests cause substantial losses in crop yield. In this article we will discuss about the methods of plant breeding for disease and pest resistance. However, breeding for resistance to insect pests and nematodes requires a thorough knowledge of the origin, domestication, and evolution of the crop and its relatives, other major production problems, germplasm screening methods, sources of resistant germplasm in the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools, genetics of resistance, breeding. Breeding common bean for resistance to insect pests.